Short answer: it depends entirely on which tax year that £40,000 relates to — the threshold that applies to you changes every year of the rollout.

£40,000 sits above the 2027 and 2028 thresholds, but below the 2026 threshold. So the answer to "am I affected" flips depending on which year you're checking.

Checking £40,000 against each phase

Tax yearThreshold£40,000 incomeResult
2024–25£50,000BelowNot required from April 2026
2025–26£30,000AboveRequired from April 2027
2026–27£20,000AboveRequired from April 2028 (if not already in)

In practice: someone with fairly stable income around £40,000 a year won't be caught by the first wave in April 2026, but will be caught by the second threshold drop to £30,000 in April 2027 — based on their 2025–26 tax return.

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Why "gross income" catches people out

£40,000 here means gross income from self-employment and/or property — before expenses, not your taxable profit. A tradesperson turning over £40,000 with £12,000 of costs still has £40,000 of qualifying income for this test, even though their taxable profit is £28,000.

What to do if you're close to a threshold

Run your own numbers

£40,000 is just one example — the same logic applies whatever your income is. Use the free checker to see your own result against the correct year's threshold in under a minute.